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Web Glossary H-L
H
Hierarchy
A list of subjects in a directory organized into successive ranks with the broadest subject listed first, with more specific aspects or subdivisions of the subject listed beneath it. An example would be Business > Industrial Goods and Services > Industrial Supply > Materials Handling > Manual > Cranes and Hoists.
Hit
A single request from a browser to a server. Some servers also count each graphic on that page as a hit. For this reason, it is not a good idea to use the number of hits as an accurate measurement for the popularity of a Website.
Home Page
The document displayed when you first open your Web browser. Home Page can also refer to the first document you come to at a Web site. Most Servers require the first page of a website to be called "index.html".
Hotlists
Lists of frequently used Web locations and URLs (Uniform Resource Locators).
Host
A computer acting as an information or communications server.
HREF - Hyperlink Reference
This is used in the HTML source code. This specifies a URL as the linked resource.
HTML-HyperText Markup Language
HTML is the language used to tag various parts of a Web document so browsing software will know how to display that document's links, text, graphics and attached media.
HTML Document
A document written in HyperText Markup Language, (HTML).
HTML editor
A program that's used to create or modify the source for a Web page using only text and HTML tags. The editor often has items you can select from a menu or toolbar to insert or modify HTML tags.
HTML tag
A code used in HTML that identifies an element so that a Web browser will know how to display it.
HTTP -Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP is used to link and transfer hypertext documents.
Hypermedia
The hypertext concept extended to include linked multiple media.
Hypertext
This term describes the system that allows documents to be cross- linked in such a way that the reader can explore related documents by clicking on a highlighted word or symbol.
I
IAB-Internet Architecture Board
The IAB is the council that makes decisions about Internet standards.
IETF-Internet Engineering Task Force
IETF refers to a subgroup of the Internet Architecture Board that focuses on solving technical problems on the Internet.
IMAP-Internet Message Access Protocol
A protocol used to retrieve email from a mail server. It is similar to POP3 but has additional features.
Implied Boolean Operators
Using the characters "+" and "-" to require or prohibit a word or phrase as part of a search expression. The "+" acts as AND and the "-" acts as NOT would in a Boolean expression, i.e., the Boolean expression: house AND condo NOT co-op may be expressed as +house +condo-co-op.
internet (lower case i)
Any time you connect 2 or more networks together, you have an internet - as in inter-national or inter-state.
Internet (upper case I)
The collection of networks throughout the World that agree to communication using specific telecommunication protocols. The Internet has been built upon two fundamental protocols (rules) known as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).
Inline Images
These are the graphics contained within a Web document.
IP-Internet Protocol
The IP guarantees that each machine connected to the network has its own unique address, consisting of four numbers separated by periods such as 123.45.6.78. Each domain name is assigned an IP address number. Routers on the Internet contain lookup tables that convert the domain names you type back to IP addresses so that the server you seek can be located. (See TCP)
IS- Information System or Information Services
1.)IS (information system) is the collection of technical and human resources that provide the storage, computing, distribution, and communication for the information required by all or some part of an enterprise. A special form of IS is a management information system ( MIS ), which provides information for managing an enterprise.
2.) IS (information services) is a common name for an organization within an enterprise that is responsible for its data processing and information system or systems.
ISDN-Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN is a telecommunications standard that uses digital transmission technology to support voice, video and data communications applications over regular telephone lines.
ISOC
This is the abbreviation for Internet Society, an organization formed to support a worldwide information network. ISOC is the sponsoring body of the Internet Architecture Board.
ISP-Internet Service Provider
This is who hosts your website. You pay them a fee and your webmaster (or designer) uploads your entire website onto their computer (or server.) When someone enters your URL into their browser, the request goes to the ISP and they are rewarded by seeing your website.
IT -Information Technology
IT is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived). It's a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word. It is the technology that is driving what has often been called "the information revolution."
J
Java
A platform-independent programming language invented by Sun Microsystems that Web developers use to create applets. Java-enabled Web pages can include animations, calculators, scrolling text, sound effects and even games. Although many Web designers like Java because of its possibilities, they have to take into consideration that many people are surfing the Web with a Java disabled browser, simply because they don't want to wait until some applet is entirely loaded into their browser. Java has nothing to do with Javascript, although there is a tradition of massive intake of coffee (java) by computer programmers.
JavaScript
JavaScript has nothing to do with Java... JavaScript is a scripting language designed by Netscape. JavaScripts are embedded into HTML documents to execute small tasks like rollover buttons, menu layouts, changing the cursor, pop up windows, etc.
JPEG-Joint Photographic Experts Group
JPEG (or JPG) is an image compression format used to transfer color photographs and images over computer networks. Along with GIF, it's one of the most common ways photos are moved over the Web.
K
Kbps - Kilobits per second
Measure of data throughput. A 28.8 Kbps modem transfers data at about 3.6K (kilobytes) per second.
Keyword Indexing
Each significant word in the entire document or record is indexed and retrievable by the search engine or computer program that is being used.
L
LAN - Local Area Network
Computer network limited to one single location, usually an office.
Links
These are the hypertext connections between Web pages. This is a synonym for hotlinks or hyperlinks.
Linux
UNIX based operating system for personal computers, or as we think of it, Free Software!
Listserv
Software for conversations (devoted to one specific topic) through an electronic mailing list. Similar to newsgroups but unlike newsgroups, listservs operate via email (every contribution of a subscriber is sent to all subscribers on the list via email). By sending a predefined email message to the list server in question, you can easily subscribe or unsubscribe.
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